CMDL (Tropical Freeze)

The CMDL, SMDL, and WMDL format are Tropical Freeze's three model formats; CMDL is a generic model format, SMDL is for skinned models, and WMDL is for world (terrain) models. All three are the same basic format, with SMDL and WMDL each containing an extra data section at the start of the file. With the Wii U's graphics system being updated from GX to GX2, the Retro model format has been dramatically overhauled, bearing little to no resemblance to the previous CMDL format found in DKCR and the Prime series.

This file format needs more research There's still a lot of unknown data. The entire optional section at the end of HEAD is completely unknown to me and there's lots of scattered unknown values.

To do: Material structure is known, just need to document it. These should probably stay on this page for now.

Format

After the RFRM Header, the first section of the file is SKHD in SMDL, and WDHD in WMDL. Following those extra sections, all three formats start with a header.

HEAD

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	24	"HEAD" section header
0x18	4	Unknown
0x1C	4	Unknown
0x20	4	Unknown
0x24	4	Unknown
0x28	4	Unknown
0x2C	24	Axis-aligned bounding box
0x30	4	Extra data flag

If the ending flag is 1, then a large chunk of extra data follows before the next section begins; otherwise, the HEAD section ends.

MTRL

Materials. To do.

MESH

The MESH section does what the name suggests: it defines submeshes. The MESH section header is as follows:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	24	"HEAD" section header
0x18	4	Submesh count
0x1C	End of MESH header

Each submesh definition is structured as follows:

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Unknown; always 3?
0x4	2	Material ID
0x6	1	Vertex buffer ID
0x7	1	Index buffer ID
0x8	4	Start index
0xC	4	Index count
0x10	4	Unknown
0x14	1	Unknown; usually seems to be either 0 or 1, possibly a bool value
0x15	End of submesh definition

VBUF

The VBUF section defines vertex buffers; each buffer can have different vertex types, with different strides and attributes.

Header

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	24	"VBUF" section header
0x18	4	Vertex buffer count
0x1C	End of VBUF header

Vertex Buffer

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Vertex count
0x4	4	Attrib count (AC)
0x8	0x14 × AC	Vertex attributes
End of vertex buffer

Vertex Attribute

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Unknown
0x4	4	Offset
0x8	4	Stride
0xC	4	Unknown
0x10	4	Unknown (likely attrib type/format)
0x14	End of attribute

IBUF

Just like how the VBUF section defines vertex buffers, the IBUF section defines index buffers. Each index buffer only has one value associated with it, so it's fairly simple, and you generally will only see one or two index buffers per file.

Header

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	24	"IBUF" section header
0x18	4	Index buffer count
0x1C	End of IBUF header

Index Buffer

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Format (1 means unsigned short; 2 means unsigned long)
0x4	End of index buffer

GPU

The GPU section contains raw buffer data that's fed to the GPU. It's essentially just a giant blob with all the vertex and index buffers laid out next to each other. The tricky part is, all the buffer data is LZSS-compressed, and the metadata needed to decompress it is stored in the pak rather than in the files themselves; not only that, but that metadata is also the only way to distinguish the different buffers from each other.

As such, this section can't be read correctly if the model file is unpacked and completely left as-is; it needs to be either read directly from the pak, or the metadata needs to be added to the file in some way. A good unpacker should append the metadata to the end of the file; a pre-decompressed file needs the buffer sizes or offsets inserted into the file data somewhere.

PAK Metadata

The pak metadata for the model formats contains mainly information related to the size and layout of the GPU section, and the metadata required to locate and decompress specific buffers within it.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Unknown; always 4?
0x4	4	GPU section offset
0x8	4	GPU chunk count (CC)
0xC	8 × CC	GPU chunk definitions
-	4	Compressed vertex buffer count (VC)
-	0x10 × VC	Vertex buffer definitions
-	4	Compressed index buffer count (IC)
-	0x10 × IC	Index buffer definitions
End of pak metadata

GPU Chunk

For large models, the GPU section might be split up into multiple chunks, rather than read as one data buffer; all offsets into the GPU section will be relative to the start of the chosen chunk.

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	Size
0x4	4	Offset
0x8	End of GPU chunk definition

Compressed Buffer

The format for compressed buffer definitions is the same regardless of buffer type (vertex/index).

Offset	Size	Description
0x0	4	GPU chunk index
0x4	4	Start offset (relative to the start of the chosen GPU chunk)
0x8	4	Compressed size
0xC	4	Decompressed size
0x10	End of compressed buffer definition