REL (File Format)

The REL format is the file format for relocatable modules for GameCube games. This is essentially the GameCube's equivalent of a DLL file, allowing for code modules to be dynamically linked at runtime and unlinked when not in use to save memory.

Format

The REL format is split up into a number of different sections, just like an ELF file. Sections that were generated by the compiler but aren't used by the game (such as the sections for relocations or symbols) are nulled out and listed with an offset and size of 0.

Header

Offset	Type	Count	Name	Notes	V1	V2	V3
0x0	u32	1	Module ID	Unique ID identifying this module. The main DOL file is module 0, so REL modules will start from ID 1.	✔	✔	✔
0x4	u32	1	Next Module Link	Pointer to the next module, forming a linked list. Always 0, filled in at runtime.	✔	✔	✔
0x8	u32	1	Previous Module Link	Pointer to the previous module, forming a linked list. Always 0, filled in at runtime.	✔	✔	✔
0xC	u32	1	Section Count	Number of sections contained in the file.	✔	✔	✔
0x10	u32	1	Section Info Offset	Offset to the section info table.	✔	✔	✔
0x14	u32	1	Name Offset	Offset to the module name. Can be 0, in which case this module doesn't contain a name string.	✔	✔	✔
0x18	u32	1	Name Size	Size of the module name string.	✔	✔	✔
0x1C	u32	1	Module Version	Module version number. Can be 1, 2, or 3.	✔	✔	✔
0x20	u32	1	BSS Size	Size of the BSS section, which is allocated at runtime (not included in the file)	✔	✔	✔
0x24	u32	1	Relocation Table Offset	Absolute offset of the relocation table.	✔	✔	✔
0x28	u32	1	Import Table Offset	Absolute offset of the import table.	✔	✔	✔
0x2C	u32	1	Import Table Size	Size of the import table.	✔	✔	✔
0x30	u8	1	Prolog Section	Section index of the prolog function, which is called when the module is linked. 0 if this module doesn't contain a prolog function.	✔	✔	✔
0x31	u8	1	Epilog Section	Section index of the epilog function, which is called when the module is unlinked. 0 if this module doesn't contain an epilog function.	✔	✔	✔
0x32	u8	1	Unresolved Section	Section index of the unresolved function, which is called if the module attempts to call an unlinked function. 0 if this module doesn't contain an unresolved function.	✔	✔	✔
0x33	u8	1	Padding	Padding to align the file to 4 bytes.	✔	✔	✔
0x34	u32	1	Prolog Function Offset	Section-relative offset of the prolog function. 0 if this module doesn't contain a prolog function.	✔	✔	✔
0x38	u32	1	Epilog Function Offset	Section-relative offset of the epilog function. 0 if this module doesn't contain an epilog function.	✔	✔	✔
0x3C	u32	1	Unresolved Function Offset	Section-relative offset of the unresolved function. 0 if this module doesn't contain an unresolved function.	✔	✔	✔
0x40	u32	1	Module Alignment		✖	✔	✔
0x44	u32	1	BSS Alignment		✖	✔	✔
0x48	u32	1	Unknown		✖	✖	✔

Section Info Table

This data is pointed to by the Section Info Offset value in the header. It specifies the layout of the file. The structure loops once for each section in the file, as specified by the Section Count in the header. Any compiler-generated sections that are unused (such as the symbol table or the section name table) are nulled out and listed with a size/offset of 0. The first section is always null. The BSS section is listed with a valid size but an offset of 0 (as the BSS section is not included in the file, but instead has space allocated at runtime).

Offset	Type	Count	Name	Notes
0x0	u32	1	Offset	Offset of the section. The 0x1 bit is toggled to indicate whether this section contains executable code. AND out that bit to get the correct offset.
0x4	u32	1	Size	Size of the section.
0x8	End of section info

Import Table

This data is pointed to by the Import Table Offset value in the header. You can get the number of imports by dividing the Import Table Size value by 0x8 (the size of one import entry). An import is basically an offset into the relocation table, pointing to the relocations used for a specific module.

Offset	Type	Count	Name	Notes
0x0	u32	1	Module ID	The module ID for this import. A module ID of 0 refers to the main DOL executable.
0x4	u32	1	Relocations Offset	Absolute offset of the relocations for the import, pointing into the relocation table.
0x8	End of import

Relocation Table

This data is pointed to by the Relocation Table Offset value in the header. Since modules have space allocated at runtime and can therefore do not have a fixed memory address, the relocations table is needed to ensure all references to symbols within the REL have the correct address. When the module is linked in, the game uses the relocation table to iterate over all instructions and data values referring to REL symbols, and patch them to point to the correct address.

There are multiple distinct groups of relocations, with each one being pointed to by an entry in the import table. To read the relocations for a given module, you need to iterate over all relocation entries until you hit an R_DOLPHIN_END directive. Each relocation is 0x8 bytes.

Offset	Type	Count	Name	Notes
0x0	u16	1	Offset	Offset of this relocation, relative to the offset of the last relocation entry. (Basically, for each entry you skip ahead by this many bytes.)
0x2	u8	1	Relocation Type	Type of the relocation. See the below table for a list of possible types.
0x3	u8	1	Section Index	The section index of the symbol being patched to.
0x4	u32	1	Symbol Offset	The section-relative offset of the symbol being patched to. For module patches, add this offset to the address of the section. For DOL patches, this offset is the full raw address, and Section Index is unused.
0x8	End of relocation

These are the possible relocation types. The "used" column indicates whether this relocation type is used by any of the modules in any of Retro's games.

Value	Name	Description	Used?
0	R_PPC_NONE	Do nothing.	✖
1	R_PPC_ADDR32	Write the full, 32-bit address of the symbol.	✔
2	R_PPC_ADDR24	Write the 24-bit address of the symbol. Leave the existing value of the bottom two bits intact.	✖
3	R_PPC_ADDR16	Write the 16-bit address of the symbol.	✖
4	R_PPC_ADDR16_LO	Write the low 16 bits of the symbol address.	✔
5	R_PPC_ADDR16_HI	Write the high 16 bits of the symbol address.	✔
6	R_PPC_ADDR16_HA	Write the high 16 bits of the symbol address, plus 0x10000. This is used for cases where the bottom half is >= 0x8000, in which case a subtract operation is used to load the lower half of the address.	✔
7	R_PPC_ADDR14	Write the 14-bit address of the symbol. Leave the existing value of the bottom two bits intact. This is used for conditional branch instructions.	✖
8	R_PPC_ADDR14_BRTAKEN	Write the 14-bit address of the symbol. Leave the existing value of the bottom two bits intact. Note: Needs a proper check on differences between this and ADDR14	✖
9	R_PPC_ADDR14_BRNTAKEN	Write the 14-bit address of the symbol. Leave the existing value of the bottom two bits intact. Note: Needs a proper check on the differences between this and ADDR14	✖
10	R_PPC_REL24	Write a 24-bit offset from the address of this instruction to the address of the symbol. This is used for branch instructions.	✔
11	R_PPC_REL14	Write a 14-bit offset from the address of this instruction to the address of the symbol.	✖
201	R_DOLPHIN_NOP	Do nothing. This is used when the offset from one relocation to the next is larger than 0xFFFF bytes.	✔
202	R_DOLPHIN_SECTION	Change the current section to Section Index and reset the current offset to 0.	✔
203	R_DOLPHIN_END	This marks the end of the relocations for this import.	✔